Meth Abuse and Addiction

What Is Meth?

Methamphetamine (meth) is an addictive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It’s a synthetic drug made from pseudoephedrine, a common ingredient found in many cold medicines. Meth is usually found as a crystalline powder or rock-like solid that can be snorted, smoked, ingested, or taken orally. It produces an intense rush of euphoria and feelings of increased energy and alertness that can last for several hours.

Although meth does have a few limited clinical purposes, it is most often manufactured and used through illicit means. Unless meth is prescribed (e.g., as Desoxyn) and taken as directed, ingestion is considered misuse and can be extremely dangerous. It can result in a wide range of physical and mental health issues, including addiction, respiratory problems, and psychosis. It can also have detrimental effects on one’s relationships, finances, and overall quality of life.

Risk Factors for Meth Misuse & Addiction Include:

• Genetics and Heredity—Having a family history of substance misuse or addiction.
• Environmental Factors—Experiencing trauma, misuse, or neglect, especially in childhood.
• Age—Meth use that begins at a young age.
• Gender—Men may be more likely than women to develop a meth addiction.
• Mental Health Conditions—Experiencing depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorders.
• Peer Pressure—Spending time with meth users.

Excessive Use—Using meth frequently or in large amounts.

How Addictive Is Meth & How Does Addiction Develop?

Meth use increases dopamine levels in the brain, a chemical messenger responsible for inducing feelings of pleasure and reward. (2) This surge in dopamine causes a rapid and intense rush of euphoria and energy, effects that can result in addiction with repeated use. Eventually, this leads to changes in the way the brain functions, and the brain’s reward system becomes desensitized to the presence of meth. Users require increasingly higher doses to achieve the effects they’re seeking, feel good, and function normally. They may also start prioritizing meth use over other important aspects of their lives, such as work, relationships, and personal and financial obligations.

Visible Signs Someone May Be Addicted to Meth Include:

• Physical Appearance—The presence of acne, other skin lesions, and a pale, gaunt, and unkempt appearance.
• Behavioral Changes—Increased aggression, paranoia, and anxiety, as well as a loss of interest in personal relationships, work, and enjoyable activities.
• Changes in Sleep Patterns—Insomnia, hypersomnia, and an erratic sleep schedule.
• Dental Problems—Tooth loss and decay, commonly referred to as “meth mouth.”
• Twitching or Jerky Movements—Commonly referred to as “tweaking.”

Symptoms & Side Effects of Meth Addiction

Meth use can have a range of short- and long-term symptoms and side effects, some of which may be severe, chronic, and permanent.

Short-Term Effects of Meth Include:

• An intense rush of pleasure and energy.
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
• Loss of appetite.
• Insomnia and disrupted sleep patterns.
• Agitation and anxiety, restlessness, and hypervigilance.
• Impulsivity and poor decision-making.
• Paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations.

Long-Term or Permanent Effects of Meth May Include:

• Addiction, including tolerance and dependence.
• Weight loss and malnutrition
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart problems and stroke.
• Dental problems and deterioration.
• Scarring due to long-term skin problems.
• Changes to the brain’s structure and function.
• Cognitive impairments, including memory loss, confusion, and impaired decision-making and problem-solving.
• Mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression.
• Psychotic symptoms.